Peer Review
Each year, organizations and major foundations award billions of dollars to the research proposals and projects that are determined to show the most promise. Among many qualified contenders, how can these funding organizations effectively decide which proposals are the best? The most time-tested and widely accepted method is peer review.
What is peer review?
Peer review is the evaluation of scientific work by subject matter experts from the same or a related field. The evaluated work may be among other things, a proposal to conduct scientific research, ongoing research itself or a submitted paper based on ongoing or completed research. The peer review process involves selecting experts in the same field as the proposals who evaluate, comment, and score proposals based on their knowledge of the subject and their understanding of the impact each proposal would make if funded.
This value of this process comes from enlisting experts who can provide their evaluations with no real or perceived bias.